Farewell to Surrealism: The Dyn Circle in Mexico

“Farewell to Surrealism” is the title of a 1943 essay by Austrian artist-critic Wolfgang Paalen published in the inaugural issue of the journal Dyn. The journal was founded by Paalen and an international group of writers and artists taking refuge in Mexico City during World War II. Several of them, including Paalen, British painter Gordon Onslow Ford, Peruvian writer César Moro, and French artist Alice Rahon, had been part of André Breton’s Parisian surrealist circle in the 1930s. When they arrived in Mexico, they were still proponents of surrealism. Two years later, however, this group had broken with Breton and set out to define a new direction for art, looking to pre-Columbian cultures on the one hand and social and physical sciences on the other. Their vision coalesced in the pages of Dyn.