Clementia: recherches sur la notion de clémence à Rome, du début

Clementia: recherches sur la notion de clémence à Rome, du début
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On se représente souvent l´histoire de Rome comme une succession de massacres et de crimes. C´est une tout autre face de la Romanité que cet ouvrage se propose d´aborder, puisqu´il explore le domaine de la clémence. Si les pardons accordés à Brutus par César, puis à Cinna par Auguste, sont passés à la postérité comme des actes exceptionnels, ce ne sont pas que des événements isolés. La clementia imprègne en effet de longue date la pensée morale romaine. Jadis apanage d´une nation dans son ensemble, elle s´identifie progressivement au pouvoir détenu par un seul Individu. Cette tendance culmine avec le gouvernement de Jules César. Fort de l´exemple malheureux de son prédécesseur, Auguste s´emploie ensuite à élaborer une nouvelle conception de la clémence, qui trouve un écho dans plusieurs oeuvres littéraires majeures de son temps. Motif de fierté patriotique, vertu du sage, qualité de l´homme d´État idéal ou pur caprice de despote, la clémence présente ainsi plusieurs visages qui se superposent ou contrastent entre eux. En les replaçant dans un cadre historique, juridique, philosophique et littéraire précis, ce livre entend rendre sa logique à une notion qui échappe à toute approche unilatérale, mais dont la réelle souplesse ne doit pas être confondue avec de l´incohérence.
The modern world often represents the history of Rome as a succession of massacres and murders. It is quite a different face of Rome, less spectacular but just as important, that is treated in this work, which is devoted to the study of clemency. The forgiveness granted to Brutus by Caesar and to Cinna by Augustus may have gone down in history as exceptional acts, but they are not isolated events. Clemency occupies a consistent position in Roman moral thought. Initially the privilege of a nation as a whole, it gradually becomes identified with the power of a single individual. This trend peaks with the rule of Julius Caesar. Augustus, who learns from the unfortunate example of his predecessor, strives to elaborate a new conception of clemency, one which finds an echo in several major literary works of his time. Source of patriotic pride, virtue of the wise, essential quality of the ideal statesman or pure whim of the despote, clemency presents several features which both overlap and contrast with one another. By placing them in a precise historic, legal, philosophic and literary frame, this book intends to reveal the complexity of a notion which demands a many-sided approach, but whose real flexibility must not be mistaken for incoherence.
The modern world often represents the history of Rome as a succession of massacres and murders. It is quite a different face of Rome, less spectacular but just as important, that is treated in this work, which is devoted to the study of clemency. The forgiveness granted to Brutus by Caesar and to Cinna by Augustus may have gone down in history as exceptional acts, but they are not isolated events. Clemency occupies a consistent position in Roman moral thought. Initially the privilege of a nation as a whole, it gradually becomes identified with the power of a single individual. This trend peaks with the rule of Julius Caesar. Augustus, who learns from the unfortunate example of his predecessor, strives to elaborate a new conception of clemency, one which finds an echo in several major literary works of his time. Source of patriotic pride, virtue of the wise, essential quality of the ideal statesman or pure whim of the despote, clemency presents several features which both overlap and contrast with one another. By placing them in a precise historic, legal, philosophic and literary frame, this book intends to reveal the complexity of a notion which demands a many-sided approach, but whose real flexibility must not be mistaken for incoherence.